A celestial body orbiting an additional one celestial body of larger size is a satellite. An synthetic satellite is a artificial object or vehicle intended to orbit the earth, the moon, or an additional one celestial body. Since October 4th, 1957 humanity is capable of putting synthetic satellites in orbit colse to the earth. The Russians were the first with Sputnik; a small satellite that orbited the earth for a combine of months and transmitted beeps for 21 days.
The Usa launched its first satellite on January 31st, 1958. This satellite was named Explorer 1, and through the data transmitted back to earth by Explorer 1, scientists discovered the van Allen radiation belts, zones in space colse to the earth, and the planets Jupiter and Saturn, containing high-energy protons and electrons.
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50 years ago synthetic satellites did not exist. Since Sputnik more than 4800 satellites have been launched by governments and secret associates colse to the world. Satellites are used for satellite Tv of course, but there are many more purposes for satellites.
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Types of Satellites
The Moon is a satellite of the earth; the earth is a satellite of the sun. The first is called a moon, the second a planet. Man made (artificial) satellites orbit any celestial body and are always called a satellite, either they orbit the earth, the moon, the sun or any other celestial body.
We use satellites for distinct purposes and all satellites can be located in one of the following categories:
Communications Satellites
Distribution of television and audio signals, and telephone connections via satellite are done by Communications Satellites. These types of communications typically need a satellite in geostationary orbit. In 1964 the Us branch of Defense launched the first satellite that was located in geostationary orbit. This satellite was named Syncom 3.
Today geostationary satellites are used to provide voice, audio and video communications like satellite Tv by Dish Network Satellite.
Navigation Satellites
These satellites were of vast help to transportation companies, especially transportation over water and through the air. The Us Gps satellites are in Low Earth Orbit (Leo) and can conclude position with a precision of 1 cm (0.4 inch). However, that very precise positioning is available for troops purposes only. For market use the precision is less accurate.
Navigation satellites are also used for distance measurements for instance in the middle of buildings.
Weather Satellites
Observing the earth is the task for weather satellites, and then especially what happens in the atmosphere. distinct kinds of cameras, like infrared and general cameras are used to witness either the same part of the earth, from a geostationary orbit, or more closely from polar orbits to get more detailed pictures. These low orbit weather satellites focus more on the study of the climate than on the current weather it self.
Military Satellites
Very similar to weather satellites, troops satellites are also used for observing the earth. Commonly with higher resolution cameras and instead of general communications equipment, they use encryption as well. Sometimes these types of satellites have very distinct types of orbits. For instance a very elliptical orbit which brings the satellite as far away from the earth as the moon and as close to the earth that it shortly enters the atmosphere, to get as close as inherent to the earth surface without falling back to earth.
Probably many more tactics are used, but for safe bet reasons, these are unknown.
Scientific Satellites
Observing the earth for scientific purposes is also very good inherent with satellites. Development maps with low polar orbits satellites for instance, but also measuring the exact shape of the earth, geological research, etc can all advantage greatly from scientific satellites.
But scientific satellites are not just used for observing the earth. The study of space benefits also from scientific satellites. For instance the Hubble Satellite which unquestionably is a huge telescope that orbits the earth. Because the Hubble telescope doesn't have to "see" through the climate it can furnish much clearer and detailed images than earth based telescopes.
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